城市公共艺术的规划与建设管理需把握的几个要点——以台州市城市雕塑规划建设为例

当前,以城市雕塑为代表的城市公共艺术进入快速发展阶段.为实现城市雕塑的健康有序发展,编制城市雕塑规划成为必须.同时,城市雕塑建设还须依赖于优秀的城市雕塑设计、政府部门的科学决策,以及充足的资金来源.     

公共交通发展模式对城市形态的影响

分析公共交通对城市空间、功能的要求，研究城市形态与公共交通的相互影响，归纳出适合公共交通发展的城市形态特点。     

城市规划的公共政策属性思考

城市规划是政府掌握的重要公共政策之一,它既能将经济社会发展的意图综合反映到空间环境上,促进城市功能和空间秩序的优化,又能在利益差异中寻求平衡,建立维护公众利益和社会公平的价值秩序.以公共政策的视角分析城市规划的本质和特征,有助于进步思考规划编制存在的问题和探索改革的方向,为按照公共政策的范式研究规划编制的体制和办法提供一种参考.     

东京奥运会前后有关公园绿地功能的讨论与收获

以“绿色奥运“为口号的北京市,正在着手2008年奥运会的各种建设。在这种大规模建设中,如何将“绿色”要素,贯穿于空间及设施中,这些设施建成后,将对北京市的公园绿地系统产生何种影响,是景观园林专家们所关注的焦点。通过东京奥运会前后日本国内对公园绿地功能的反复讨论及当时的资料介绍,阐述其对现阶段城市公园绿地形成的重要价值,以期为当前的绿地规划及各项决策提供参考。研究结果明确提出了“公园绿地功能”与“运动”相互关系的总体构架,并提出建造绿地空间时应注意的重点。     

从政治视角理解和研究城市规划

城市规划不仅仅是一种专业活动,更是一种社会活动,掌握政治知识对城市规划专业实践和社会活动都有着重要的意义.政治知识应成为城市规划学科建设不容忽视的一部分.对城市规划政治的研究,可从城市规划的价值基础、城市规划事件过程和城市规划参与者三个方面展开.     

Airborne microbiological characteristics in public buildings of Korea

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi were surveyed in the public buildings regulated in Korea, with the six-stage cascade impactor. The total concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were averaged to 404 and 382 cfu m⁻³ in hospital, 931 and 536 cfu m⁻³ in kindergarten, 294 and 334 cfu m⁻³ in elderly welfare facility, and 586 and 371 cfu m⁻³ in postpartum nurse center. Mean respirable concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were 194 and 292 cfu m⁻³ in hospital, 358 and 347 cfu m⁻³ in kindergarten, 134 and 266 cfu m⁻³ in elderly welfare facility, and 254 and 289 cfu m⁻³ in postpartum nurse center, respectively. Based on this results, total and respirable concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were significantly highest in kindergarten and lowest in elderly welfare facility (p<0.05$p<0.05$). The ratios of indoor and outdoor concentration for airborne bacteria and fungi were below 1.0 in all the investigated public buildings regardless of size distribution. The dominant genera identified in the public buildings were Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp., for airborne bacteria and Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., and Aspergillus spp., for airborne fungi, respectively. Size distributions of airborne bacteria and fungi in terms of the dominant genera were not observed consistently except for Staphylococcus spp., which was detected mainly on the first stage (>7.0 μm) and second stage(4.7–7.0 μm), and Penicillium spp., and Cladosporium spp., showing the highest collection rate at stage 3 (3.3–4.7 μm) regardless of the kind of the public buildings.     

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in two areas of Galicia (NW Spain)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the environmental dispersal of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in two distinct areas (coastal and inland) in Galicia (NW Spain). Faecal samples were collected from healthy asymptomatic domestic (cows and sheep) and wild animals (deer and wild boars) in the selected areas. In each of the selected areas, samples of untreated water (influent) and of treated water (final effluent) were collected from each of the 12 drinking water treatments plants (DWTPs) and 12 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) under study. Analysis of a single sample from each of the 635 (coastal) and 851 (inland) domestic and wild animals selected at random revealed that the prevalences of cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis in coastal area were 9.2% and 15.9% respectively, and in inland area, 13.7% and 26.7% respectively. In the coastal area, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in influent and effluent samples from 2/12 (16.6%) DWTPs and 8/12 (66.6%) WTPs, while G. duodenalis cysts were detected in influent and effluent samples from 3/12 (25.0%) DWTPs and 12/12 (100%) WTPs. The concentrations were notably higher in WTPs; the mean parasite concentrations in the final treated effluent were 10 oocysts per litre and 137.8 cysts per litre for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, respectively. The mean concentration of G. duodenalis cysts per litre was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the mean concentration of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts per litre in both the influent and the effluent samples from all the treatment plants. In the coastal area, C. parvum, C. hominis and G. duodenalis assemblages A (I and II) and E were most repeatedly detected. In the inland area, C. parvum, C. andersoni and G. duodenalis assemblages A (I and II), B and E were most frequently identified.     

Breakpoint chlorination and free-chlorine contact time: implications for drinking water N-nitrosodimethylamine concentrations

North American drinking water utilities are increasingly incorporating alternative disinfectants, such as chloramines, in order to comply with disinfection by-product (DBP) regulations. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a non-halogenated DBP, associated with chloramination, having a drinking water unit risk two to three orders of magnitude greater than currently regulated halogenated DBPs. We quantified NDMA from two full-scale chloraminating water treatment plants in Alberta between 2003 and 2005 as well as conducted bench-scale chloramination/breakpoint experiments to assess NDMA formation. Distribution system NDMA concentrations varied and tended to increase with increasing distribution residence time. Bench-scale disinfection experiments resulted in peak NDMA production near the theoretical monochloramine maximum in the sub-breakpoint region of the disinfection curve. Breakpoints for the raw and partially treated waters tested ranged from 1.9:1 to 2.4:1 (Cl(2):total NH(3)-N, M:M). Bench-scale experiments with free-chlorine contact (2h) before chloramination resulted in significant reductions in NDMA formation (up to 93%) compared to no free-chlorine contact time. Risk-tradeoff issues involving alternative disinfection methods and unregulated DBPs, such as NDMA, are emerging as a major water quality and public health information gap.     

新农村规划建设中"权威主义"与"公众参与"的思辨:以北京怀柔官地村旧村改造为例

新农村建设是我国新时期建设的一项大事,同时也是一道难题.“自上而下“和“自下而上“两种思路处于不断交锋中.本文以北京怀柔区官地村旧村改造规划实践为基础,参考社会学研究的方法,进行比较,分析和深入思考,希望能探索农村建设中“权威主义“与“公众参与“的相互关系及其对规划建设的深刻影响,揭示“公众参与“在新农村建设中的社会学意义.     

内蒙古地区草原聚落公共设施空间可适性研究--可装配轻体系统的应用

公共设施的适宜性布局是城乡居民享受基本的公共服务权利的基础,随着人民生活水平的不断提高,与公众生活质量息息相关的基本公共服务设施也越来越受到各界关注,合理规划基本公共服务设施建设的相关研究成为焦点。同时,由于经济发展水平与生产生活方式的不同,公共服务均等化推进差异较大,尤其是作为欠发达地区的内蒙古草原聚落,其离散型地域特征加剧了公共服务设施供给的难度。研究选择典型区域（内蒙古正镶白旗）草原聚落,以点带面对空间形态及住民生活状况进行调研分析,探讨草原聚落公共设施布局体系结构与公共服务设施适宜性布局方法,对可装配轻体系统的应用做相应的研究和讨论,提出适应性较强的公共服务空间建构模式。